Hard rocks are melted by the extreme heat generated in the Earth’s interior. Later accumulate as fluid deposits. At once the fire catches fire and creates explosions. The Beats penetrate through the cracks and burst onto the ground. After that, they solidify and turn into lava and grow into layers and evolve into mountains. Let’s learn about these processes that take place in nature. Information on volcanoes.
volcanoes
Any change in the endogenous forces originating in the Earth’s interior will increase its temperature. As a result, the rocks at a certain depth of the earth’s crust melt and become liquid. The magma is called magma. The magma reaches the Earth’s surface through a fissure, beta, or cavity (vent) and cools around the vent, and solidifies in the shape of a cone. Volcanoes are formed by this process.
What are volcanoes?
A volcano is a conduit for magma from underground to reach the surface. This is called a volcanic vessel. The lower part of this passage consists of a reservoir of rock fluid, and the upper part is a cavity on the earth’s surface. Rock fluid, hot gases, and rock fragments erupt through this cavity. If these solidify around the cavity in the shape of a cone or bowl, it is called a volcano.
Volcano Formation
Crater: A crater-like part in the summit section of a volcano in the shape of a saucer/funnel/goura. When volcanic eruptions occur, these flame vents cause wide and deep craters in the area. Over time water seeps into the Viti, turning them into lakes. These are known as Jwala Bila Lakes or Crater Lakes. The largest crater lake in India is ‘Lunar’ in Maharashtra, while the largest crater lake in the world is in the Aleutian Islands in America. The name of that crater is Buldan. Crater lakes are called calderas if they are large.
Peeta: The base of a volcano is called Peeta. It contains magma deposits. This is also known as magma storage.
Volcanic Vents: A pipe-like passage in a volcano is called a volcanic vent or cavity. Through this, magma reaches the earth’s surface.
What is volcanic lava?
Volcanoes are commonly found along plate edges, rift valleys, ridges, and oceanic ridges. Magma is a liquid in the earth’s interior that contains gases. Lava is magma that has lost its gases after reaching the earth’s surface.
Acidic lava: If the silica in the lava is more than 65%, it is called acidic lava. It is sticky, and thick and travels a short distance on the surface of the earth. Landforms similar to mountains are formed on the Earth’s surface when lava is released during a volcanic eruption.
Alkaline Lava or Basic Lava: If silica is less than 45% in lava, it is called basic lava. It is thin and travels far at high speed. When this lava is released during the volcanic process, landforms similar to plateaus and plains are formed on the earth’s surface.
Volcanic Eruption: Lava melts at high temperatures and releases gases from it. Once the steam reaches the lava cavity, it explodes loudly and is released into the atmosphere. Its main gases are sulfur dioxide, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and hydrochloric acid.
Three types of volcanoes
Volcanoes can be classified into three types based on their activity or eruption intervals and eruption intensity.
Active Volcanoes: Active igneous volcanoes are volcanoes that occasionally erupt rapidly during the historical period. Vesuvius, Krakatoa – Example: Vesuvius, Krakatoa, Maunaloa, Baron, Stromboli, etc.
Dormant Volcanoes: Volcanoes that have erupted once during the historical period, remained dormant for a long period, and then erupted again. Volcanoes are called dormant volcanoes. Eg: Pugeyama
Extinct Volcanoes: Volcanoes that have not erupted in the historical era are called extinct volcanoes. Example: Kilimanjaro
Types of Volcanic Eruption
Fissure eruption: This eruption occurs where there is more than one igneous cavity or fissure in the volcanic structure. In fissure eruptions, lava spreads widely and solidifies into horizontal plates on top of each other. Lava plateaus are formed as these plates pile up in layers. They are made of basalt rock material.
Central or Central Eruption: This eruption occurs when there is only one cavity or fissure in a volcanic formation. A central eruption creates a cone-shaped or flame-shaped volcano. A violent eruption occurs during this type of volcanic process.
Expansion of volcanoes
Volcanic processes have occurred many times throughout Earth’s history. There are thousands of extinct volcanoes on the continents and under the oceans. There are about 500 active volcanoes. About 80% of the volcanoes are in the Pacific Rim. This is called the Pacific Ring of Fire. These igneous mountains are located in the arcs of islands on the east coast of Asia in North and South America where the modern Valli mountain ranges are located.
There are also volcanoes near the Alps in Africa and the Alps in the Mediterranean region. India has two volcanic islands. One is an extinct volcano and two is a baron volcano.
Major Volcanoes of the World
- ⦁ ojos del salado volcano – Argentina
⦁ guallatiri volcano – Chile
⦁ Cotopaxi – Ecuador
⦁ lascar volcano – Chile
⦁ Tupungatito – Chile
⦁ Popocatépetl – Mexico
⦁ Nevado del Ruiz – Colombia
⦁ Sangay – Ecuador
⦁ Klyuchevskaya Sopka – Russia
⦁ Purace’ – Colombia
⦁ Tajumulco – Guatemala
⦁ Mauna Loa – America
⦁ Tacana – Guatemala
⦁ Cameroon – Cameroon
⦁ Fujiyama – Japan
⦁ Erebus – Antarctica
⦁ Rinjani – Indonesia
⦁ Pico del Teide – Spain
⦁ Semeru – Indonesia
⦁ Nyiragongo – Zaire
⦁ Koryaksky – Russia
⦁ Irazú Volcano – Costa Rica
⦁ Salamat – Indonesia
⦁ Spurr – America
⦁ Etna – Chile