Technology and Computer Technology
A computer is an electronic machine. Computer means calculation. In 1948, a scientist named John von Neumann designed the structure of a computer. EDVAC was the first electronic computer. ENIAC was the first general computer. Bell Laboratory in America invented the transistor in 1953.
Computer generations/ Technology and Computer Technology
The first generation uses vacuum-based computers, the second generation uses semiconductors, the third generation uses integrated circuits, the fourth generation uses microprocessors, and the fifth generation uses artificial intelligence.
Classification of computers based on size
Microcomputers: These are advanced. These are called personal computers. Portable computers are computers that are rapidly developed in microcomputers. Ex: Laptop, Tabs. The laptop was designed by Allen.
Main Frame Computers: These are used for running large and complex programs. Multiple programs can be run simultaneously. Ex: IBM-3090.
Mini Computers: Smaller in size and faster in operation. They cost less to manufacture. Useful as part of small business needs.Ex:IDP-1170.
Supercomputers: These are state-of-the-art computers. They were first discovered by C. More Cray. He proposed the first supercomputer CDC-6600. Their speed is measured in FLOPS. The first computer policy in India was announced in the year 1984. Supercomputers work using parallel processing.
Supercomputers in India
* Param-8000: This is the first supercomputer made in India. It was designed by C-DAC (Center for Development of Advancing Computing).
*Param Padma: This is the first computer to join the Teraflash club.
*Eka: It was developed by Computational Research Laboratories for the Tata Group with technical assistance from Havilet-Packard.
*Virgo: It is made by people from Chennai.
*Saga-220: This supercomputer was made by Vikram Sarabhai Space Center, a division of ISRO, in the year 2011 for aeronautical science services for 14 crore rupees.
*Annapurna: It was prepared by the Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai.
*Pratyush and Mihir are supercomputers established at the Indian Institute of Trafficical Meteorology, Pune, and the National Center for Media Range Weather Forecast, Noida, respectively.
Supercomputers in the world
Puget’s Pugaku (Japan): It is listed as the world’s fastest supercomputer in 2021 with a speed of 442 TFLOPS.
Mobile technology
Martin Cooper was the first to invent the cellular phone.
Ericsson was the first company to make a cell phone
The cell phone tower has a coverage of 26 square kilometers.
Mobile telephone services became available in India in the year 1994.
Three types of signals are used in mobile phones.
1. CDMA: It is a mode used for data exchange in radio communication technology. It is usually used in older phones.
2. GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication): Currently this technology is widely used.
3. FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access): Analog transmission is used for this.
A. Analog Computers: Arithmetic and logical combinations can be performed by these. Ex: Speedometer
B. Digital computers: Work based on binary digits. Apart from mathematical processes, graphics and sounds can also be produced. Ex: Desktop.
c.Hybrid computer: formed by the combination of analog and digital computer.
Components that make up a computer
Inside Devices: 1.Key Board 2.Pointing Devices 3.Bar Code Reader 4.Optical Mark Reader 5.MICR 6.Mouse 7.Camera 8.Light Pen 9.Webcam 10.Microphone.
Output Devices: 1. Monitors 2.Printer 3. Speaker 4. Projectors 5.Headphones 6.GPS (Global Positioning System) 7.Sound Cards 8. Platter.
bug: An error in a computer program is called a bug.
Internet: A large network connecting smaller networks around the world. It connects more than 65 million computers, connecting more than a hundred countries.
WWW: World Wide Web. It is software that can be used to search for the desired information by typing before the addresses of the websites.
Modem: A necessary tool to connect a computer to the Internet. This is what the computer interprets as analog signals traveling on telephone wires. Converts them into digital signals that can be manipulated.